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J. F. H. GORGES. SYSTEM OF OPERATING GLOW LAMPS BY MEANS OF MULTIPHASE GURRENTS.

Patented Feb. 9, 1 892.

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J. F. H.-GORGES. SYSTEM OF OPERATINGGLOW LAMPS BY MEANS OF MULTIPHASE GURRENTS.

No. 468,500. Patented Feb. 9,1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J OHANNES FRIEDRICH HEINRICH GCRGES, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS & HALSKE, OF SAME PLACE.

SYSTEM FOR OPERATING GLOW-LAMPS BY MEANS OF MULTIPHASE CURRENTS' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,500, dated February 9, 1892.

Application filed September 8, 1891. Serial No. 404,682. (No modeLl To all whom it may conccrn: ceivers or mains leading to the source of eleclie it known that I, JOHANNES FRIEDRICH tricity. These mainsmay be connected either HEINRICH GCRGES, a subject of the King of directly to the terminals A, B, and C of Prussia, residing at Berlin, in the Kingdom the three-phase dynamo D,as shown in dotted 55 5 of Prussia, Germany, have invented certain lines in Fig. 8,01 may lead to the transformer new and useful Improvements in Systems for F, as shown in said figure. Operating Glow-Lamps by Means of Multia, b, and represent three external connecphase Currents; and I do hereby declare the. tions to the filaments shown in Figs. 1 and 3, following to be afull, clear, and exact descripand the cross-marks 0c in Figs. and 6 repre- 6o tion of the invention, such as will enable othsent one of the resistances interposed between ers skilled in the art to which it appertains to each pair of mains A, B, and C. It will be make and use the same. seen that if the mains A, B, and 0 receiving My invention relates to such establishments a three-phase current are connected together, for the distribution of electricity as are adaptas shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, there will aled for the use of the so-called rotation-eurways be a flow from the wire or wires of rent that is, with three or more alternating high potential and those of low potential, and currents which, according to the phase, differ since the currents along these wires differ from each other by equal magnitudes. from each other in phase there will be a ro- While my invention relates to all classes tation-current passing from wire to wire 20 of rotation-current or multiphase systems, I through the interposed resistances, and the will, for the sake of convenience, show it as alternations will follow each other in the order applied only to such systems as are operated of the phases. These mains A, B, and C may with three alternating currents differing flOl be connected together in two ways, either in each other by 120. pairs with equal resistances interposed be- 2 5 Reference is had to the accompanying drawtween each pair, as shown in Fig. 5, or each ings, wherein similar letters refer to similar wire may be connected by a like number of parts through the several views. equal resistances to some common point, as

Figure 1 represents a side view of a glowshown in Fig. 6. The resistances shown dialamp fitted with three filaments of practically grammatically in Figs. 5 and 6 are repre- 8o 30 equal resistance connected together in pairs sented in Figs. 7 and .8 as lamp-filaments and and having three leading-in wires. Fig. 2 illustrate the application of my invention to represents aplan View of the glow-lamp shown a glow-lamp system. To each of the rotationin Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents a side view of a current conductors A B C at optional points glow-lamp having three filaments of practibranch conductors are connected leading to 3 5 cally equal resistance connected together ata the connectors a, b, and c of each lamp. In

common central point 19. Fig. 4 represents a either case it will be seen that each interplan viewotthe same. Fig.5 represents three posed resistance may be considered as a loop current receivers or mains connected together connectinga pair of mains, and that by means in pairs according to myinvention. Fig. 6 repof these loops the mains are connected in se- 0 o resents three current receivers or mains conries. It is immaterial whether the loops be nected by a like number of conductors from entirely distinct from each other, as shown each main to some common point. Fig. 7 repin Figs. 1, 2, and 5, or whether they include resents a diagrammatic view of three current two resistances electrically connected, each receivers or mains connected together in one of which forms part of another loop, as 5 5 pairs, the said connections including glowshown in Figs. 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8. Since-each lamps having three filaments also connected lamp is joined to all three wires and is entogether in pairs, as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 8 tirely independent of all other lamps, the arrepresents a diagrammatic view of a threerangement secures uniformity in the current phase dynamo, transformer, and lamp system, in the three mainsthat is, when each addi- I00 50 and illustrates the operation of my device. tional lamp is turned in or out, the load on A, B, and 0 represent three current'reeach main is increased or decreased in the same proportion, a condition which does not prevail with the three-Wire system of electric lighting now in general use. Moreover, since the connectors a, b, and e are joined to each other by resistances (filaments) which are practically equal, the current through each of the three resistances becomes practically uniform. It will be obvious that should the number of phases be increased above three the number of rotation current receivers (mains) and the number of connecting-resistances (filaments in the glow-lamps) should be correspondingly increased. The shape or arran gement of the filaments may also be varied in many details, provided the fundamental idea be adhered to of the multiphase current entering the lamp through as many connectors as there are phases and passing through a number-of filaments of equal resistance connected to each connector and forming equal resistances between the various mains.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. A system for operating glow-lamps by means of multiphase currents, which consists in a number or rotation-current conductors corresponding to the number of phases of the current, any desired number of glow-lamps, a numberof current-introducers to each lamp equal to the number of said conductors and connected to the said conductors, and glowbodies at the interior of the lamp electrically connected to each other and to pairs of the said current-introducers, substantially as described.

2. In a system for operating glow-1amps by means of multiphase currents, the combination, with a multiphase dynamo, of a number of rotation-current conductors deriving their electricity from the terminals of the said dynamo, any desired number of glow-lamps connected to the said conductors and having a number of leading-in wires corresponding to that of the said rotation-current conductors, with glow-bodies at the interior of the lamp electrically connected to each other and connecting the said leading-in wires in series, substantially as described.

3. A system for operating glow-lamps by means of three-phase currents, which consists in three rotation-current conductors, any desired number of glow-lamps, a current-introdueer from each of said conductors electrically connected to each lamp, and three glowbodies at the interior of the lamp electrically connected to each other and to the said current-introducers, substantially as described.

at. A system for operating glow-lamps by means of three-phase currents, which consists in three rotation-current conductors, any desired number of glow-lamps, a leading-in wire from each of said conductors to each lamp, and three filaments connecting the three leading-in wires with each other in series, substantially as described.

5. A system for operating glow-lamps by means of three-phase currents, which consists in three rotation-current conductors, any desired number of gloW-lamps,aleading-in wire from each of said conductors to each lamp, and three filaments of equal length, each connected at one end to one of said leading-in wires and connected at the other to the ends of the other two filaments, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I al'tix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOIIANNES FRIEDRICH HEINRICH (IURGES.

\Vitnesses:

GUSTAV STEUZEL, MAX WAGNER,

Berlin, S. IV. 

